KINGDOMES INFORMATION JUNE 1996 KCS P.O.BOX 980427 Houston Texas 77098 USA KINGDOMES P.O.BOX 1464- IS 121 Reykjavik- Iceland http://www.mmedia.is/kingdome/ - email:kingdome/mmedia.is THIS INFORMATION HAS THREE PARTS : PART 1 ) Information on Constructions Lab PART 2 ) Descriptions of some of CL´s buildings and projects PART 3 ) Einar Thorsteinn´s Curriculum Vitae --------------------------------------------------------------------------- PART 1 INFORMATION ON CONSTRUCTIONS LAB IN ICELAND FOUNDED BY EINAR THORSTEINN Dipl.-Ing. IN 1973 CONSTRUCTIONS LAB was founded by Einar Thorsteinn in 1973 in Reykjavik Iceland after his return from study and work in Germany (1963-1973). By then a Diplom-Ingenieur from the University of Hannover and with two years experience from the Institut fuer leichte Flaechentragwerke of the University of Stuttgart and Atelier Warmbronn under the direction of Prof. Dr. Frei Otto. Those Institutions worked among many other projects in the years 1969-71 on the tensile structures of the Olympic Games in Munich 1972. EARLY PROJECTS OF CL were lightweight structures for Icelandic conditions like: Wind-drying tower for fish--Snowtunnel frame for mountain roads--Avalanche protection--Rock fall protection--Movable hotel unit--Vertical windmill structure and an Addable DOME-CUBE roof unit for horticulture among others. In 1975 CL held its first Construction Exhibition in Reykjavik and later also in 1983 and 1992. The same year CL organized the first visit of Buckminster Fuller to Iceland with the Icelandic American Association,the Architects Assoc.,the Engineers Assoc. ,the USIS in Iceland and the Interior Architects Assoc. This was repeated in 1979. CL had good professional contacts to Bucky until his death in 1983. Previous to its foundation in 1973 Einar Thorsteinn had been in contact with him since 1966. TENSILE STRUCTURES From the year 1973 CL has worked closely with Seglagerdin Aegir, a sailmakers firm, for the development of large tensile structures for Icelandic wind conditions. 1995 was a turning point in this cooperation as Aegir has now sold its first export product designed by CL-a 220 sqm (2420 sqft) hexagonal shaped whole year tent construction to Denmark to be used as a restaurant at a price of only US$ 100.-/ sqm. DOMES In 1973 CL started the development of its first lattice dome with the assistance of the Ministry of Industry and the Building Research Institute. In 1980 CL seriously started developing the geodesic dome by then a well known housetype in the USA. The three developing steps of the timber dome construction have been: 1) to find a more suitable constructions method than is used in the USA and elsewhere. The result was the DOMAS building system used since 1984. 2) was to fit the dome concept to the climate in Iceland. This resulted in the “GARDENHOUSE-DOME” used since 1986. 3) was the architectonic opening up of the rigid dome frame that can be a hindrance of the dome idea. The GANDALF of 1988,the TAO-SHINTO of 1992 and the HELLA-dome were the results of that. Since 1989 CL has given major contribution in forms of articles of its experiences to the DOME magazine of Colorado. Paralell to this timber dome development fiberglass domes for industrial use were designed by CL since 1980. Since 1986 with TEFJAR in Hafnarfjördur. In 1994 a fifth generation of that product was finished and is now sold as a radome and a cover for various needs like a geothermal connections shelter. 3-D GEOMETRY As a result of Buckminster Fullers visit to Iceland in 1975 CL has worked intensively on the study of 3-D geometry. This has led to the discovery of growth patterns in polyhedra of all three symmetries that already in 1978 showed the way towards quasicrystal formations. A special report: The Development Pattern of Geometric Structures was published on this in 1978 nine years before quasicrystals were discovered in nature. In 1977 Linus Pauling visited Iceland and met with Einar Thorsteinn. Later he supported a scientific study of the Family of Golden Ratio numbers by CL in 1984 under the auspices of the Icelandic Science Fund. In this connection a new theory : The Natural Symmetries Unification Theory is beeing worked on at CL. ECOLOGY IN BUILDINGS Since 1988 CL has worked with the Ecology Village Association in Torup Denmark. EVA has built the first real eco-village in Scandinavia. In cooperation with Henrik Suhr of PLAN 1 in Copenhagen and Ole Vanggaard engineer of the Royal Academy four dome residences were built there. Since this time CL´s work has turned more and more towards clean-technology solutions and systems that stay clear of problems that result from the sick building syndrome (SBS) and electromagnetic pollution. In 1994 a plan was made for the first eco-village in Iceland at Hellnum Snæfellsnes. It has now been ratified by the authorities. DOME-IT-YOURSELF , COURSES & WINDOWS PROGRAM In 1987 CL made a DOME-IT-YOURSELF infromation kit that enables the layperson to build smaller 2 FQ domes. This kit has been sold in three languages in many countries . The largest known dome of this type is 52 feet in diameter. In connection with this, Einar Thorsteinn of CL has given courses for the last four years in Denmark and Iceland on how to erect these type of domes. A 40- minute DOME-IT-YOURSELF video on the same course was made in 1992. In 1996 CL in cooperation with KINGDOMES has put on sale a new PC program : The Kingdomes Calculator I. It is a Windows program and is running on version 3.1 and above and is also for sale by CL. 20 YEAR- ANNIVERSARY PUBLICATION In the year 1992 a booklet : The EDC -Haeftet was published. It contains general description of the 163 dome projects of CL then made . In 1996 a new version of that booklet : The CL Report is for sale with 200 dome projects 1972-96. It is sold by CL. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION CL has received a number of grants and been invited to participate in many foreign competitions,like the preparation for the EXPO in Hannover 2000 in the year 1990 and the planning of the solar-city of Potsdam with PLAN 1 in 1994. CL has worked with institutes like : The Synergetic Institute of Japan--Institute of Building Science,Structural Dept Copenhagen-- The Deutsche Geschellschaft zur Förderung der Kultur in Berlin.- And Akademie fuer Visualisierung und Interaktion in Berlin.-Ligthweight Research Unit Sidney Australia and the Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture in Houston Texas. With the latter, CL organized with the USIS of Iceland a one hour WORLD-NET life television program on space architecture that also included scientists from Berlin and was broadcast in 1988. In the years 1988-95 a study of Translations Shells a CAD CAM approach into domes (shells) was done with Ole Vanggaard and Timme Hansen of the Ryoal Academy of Copenhagen under the auspices of the Nordic Ministers Directorate. CL has worked hand in hand with the KINGDOME correspondence school in Houston Texas since 1987-- the EUROPEAN DOME CENTER of Torup Denmark since 1989 and MINDPOWER a creativity consulting firm since 1995 , all of which Einar Thorsteinn is also a co-owner. MEDIA SUPPORT In February 1995 the Icelandic State television showed a 30 minutes documentary on the works of Einar Thorsteinn of CL in a trilogy on Icelandic thinkers. This film was initiated by Hrafn Gunnlaugsson of FILM and directed by Ragnar Halldorsson. CONSTRUCTIONS LAB P.O.Box 1464 IS 121 Reykjavik Iceland CONSTRUCTIONS LAB email:kingdome@mmedia.is IN MOSFELLSBÆR website:http//www.mmedia.is/kingdome/ IN COOPERATION WITH : KINGDOMES Correspondence School EUROPEAN DOME CENTER P.O.Box 980427 HoustonEcological Village Association TX 77098 USA Torup/Hundested DK-3390 Denmark MINDPOWER P.O.Box 62 IS 121 Reykjavik Iceland ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PART 2 THE FOLLOWING ARE DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME OF CL´s BUILDINGS AND PROJECTS: GEODESIC DOMES : The domes number : 1 to 5 and 8 to 9 are presented in the new KINGDOMES CALCULATOR 1 WORD PC program that can be downloaded now. Introduced by CL and Kingdomes CS. No 1 FIBERGLASS DOMES FOR INDUSTRIAL USE In 1980 CL designed its first series of HEXA-PENTA fiberglass domes that were used to cover geothermal connectors where 230 deg. C hot water is pumped out of the ground. The first 12 domes were erected at Krafla Power Station at Myvatn. Later other 10 were added at Nesjavellir by Thingvellir for the city of Reykjavik. One more dome of this type is a radome for the airfield in Akureyri and another is a highland guesthouse for tourists walking the mountains in the north. The newest version of this type of domes is from 1994 and is produced by TREFJAR in Hafnarfjör›ur. It is the fifth generation of this product. Its size is from 250 sqft upwards. And with the addition of another type of hexagon still smaller domes with erect walls are also possible. No 2 THE GARDENHOUSE DOME AT HELLA This dome is designed for a lady with green fingers in 1993. It is a hemisphere 4 FQ and with a spheric radius of 7 meters. Its ground size is 1650 sqft of which 900 form an interior garden. On the second floor that in part extrudes into the garden area there is another 400 sqft area. Over 50% of the exterior walls are covered with insulated glass in order to collect heat for the house. 8 months of the year no other heat is neccessary. The interior garden also has the purpose to regulate the inside climate in the hottest period of the year where fast growing plants take care of the neccessary shadowing. On the northside earthwalls extrude 120 cm out from the dome perimeter: The frame is intact but it is penetrable. No 3 SUMMERHOUSE WITH A SWIMMINGPOOL Originally this house was planned in 1987 as a summer residence near the village of Kopasker in northeastern Iceland. The dome is a regular 3 FQ 3/8 type with a spherical radius of 623 cm. It covers 1300 sqft and has a swimmingpool and a small garden area as well as a two storey appartment inside. The house is covered with glass and turf and is therefore very unvisible in the landscape. There is minimum exterior maintenance and good heat savings for the owners. Now there is a new plan to add a three storey tower,five meters from the dome and move the whole family there and use the house permanently. No 4 THE GARDENHOUSE IN ISAFJORDUR This is the original gardenhouse of a dometype built in 1986 and moved into by 17th of August 1987. It has 6 FQ and is a 2/8 sphere. The total inside area is 2400 sqft of which 1100 are an interior garden under a glass roof. The rest of the roof is covered with turf. This home as the dome near Kópasker are only 30-40 km south of the polarcircle. The need is therefore great to prolong the summer which is only three months in spring and fall. The experience of living in this house has been very positive for the owners and encourages the building of similar houses elsewhere. Roses bloom the whole year round and south European fruits can be harvested. No 5 SUMMERHOUSE AT APAVATN In 1984 this 600 sqft 4 FQ dome was the first experiment with turf covering of a dome roof and the first use of the DOMAS building system by CL.Turfcovering is a well known tradition in Faroe Islands and Iceland. But in addition to that more advanced materials can be added. Two layers of turf are layed diagonally crossing where the roots meet in the middle. Thus the top roots grow into the bottom and secure the turf against moving. Added to that a no rotting fishernet is put in between. A hightech version uses rockwool at the bottom instead of humus and a leakage pipe between the two layers of turf: So the roof can be kept wet. No 6 WESTMANNADOME 1982 This is the largest dome to date made by CL. It has a total of 4500 sqft. It has two storeys that are completely separate. The first floor holds a store with a ceiling of 4 meters. The second floor is an apartment of 1500 sqft. This dome has the best volume to surface ratio becaue of its size and saves therefore up to 60% of its energy compared to a regular house of the same size in the windy place that the Westmanna Islands are. As the second floor has a very low ceiling to the perimeter three balconies are cut into the area so that every room in the apartment has regular vertical windows. No 7 FELLABAER DOME 1982 This is one of the first domes made by CL. It is a 3 FQ 3/8 type put on a 100 cm basis in order to gain more height on the inside. It has a spherical radius of 624 cm and a ground area of 1400 sqft. Inside are two storeys. Here a glass extrusion, a greenhouse is added to the dome instead of later where the green area has been put into the dome. Today the house is used as a Yogacenter. No 8 DOME-IT-YOURSELF AND OTHER DOME TYPES In 1986 CL made a knowhow kit for the layperson to build a simple type of dome. Here are some samples of that. The largest one beeing a 1700 sqft structure that is covered with TREVIRA membrane and has been in use since 1989. Over 350 samples of the kit have been sold and many domes built after this method. Mostly greenhouses and summerhouses. Bottom rigth are earlier types : A corrugated cardboard dome reinforced with fiberglass and a 3FQ tent-dome with click on joints for easy assembly. The former is 330 sqft and the latter 900 sqft. Here they are used at an exhibition in 1979. The tent is used as a theater. No 9 THE DOMEGROUP OF THE ECOLOGIC VILLAGE ASSOCIATION IN TORUP In 1988 CL joined forces with EVA and specially the Dome Group to realize the first eco-village in Scandinavia in Torup near Hundested in North Seeland in Denmark. In cooperation with Henrik Suhr of PLAN 1 and Ole Vanggaard of the Royal Academy in Copenhagen, four domes here shown were designed and built. Two of them are 3FQ with a ground area of 1200 sqft and two are 2FQ with an area of 550 sqft. The bigger ones have a interior garden inside. The village itself is far bigger than shown here and has now a total of 25 ecologic apartments of various types. Two times each year Einar Thorsteinn of CL holds courses in dome construction in Torup with the assistance of Hanne Lykkeberg. No 10 SUSTAINABLE LIVINGRY- a Project This design of an existing house was turned into a sustainable eco-system by CL in 1993 and used in competitions in Japan and Denmark. First of the ecologic principle in housing is not to tear down anything that can be used . Thus, an existing house should be used on but changed so it does not add to the destruction of the biosphere with its functions and use. In this design, AIR is used to collect and store the energy from the sun. The towers hold hot and cold air alternatively. Round automatically moving solar panels are placed on each of the four towers. For the future , more general solutions designed like this are going to be seen. No 11 SUMMER VACATION CENTER FOR CANCER-STRICKEN CHILDREN -Project to be built In 1993, a family in Vatnasdal in the north of Iceland decided to go ahead with plans to build a center for this purpose. The dome designed for this is a 4 FQ with a spheric radius of 12 meters and covers over 4400 sq.ft. Inside are three storeys and a large garden including all the necessary rooms to take care of the growing number of children stricken by this terrible sickness. Until now, however, the authorities in Iceland have not seen it fit to support these building plans yet and we have to hope for a change for the better. Anyone who wishes to support this project may contact Gunnar and Thuridur at telephone Int.+ 354-4524483. No 12 ANANDA MARGA SUNRISE SCHOOL IN REYKJAVIK - a Project This is a 6 FQ dome structure that is covered with tensile membrane. The dome forms a climate control for a regular type 3-storey building that is inside with open spaces for the plants and trees, as well. The spheric radius is 1467,4 cm. and the dome covers 5500 sq.ft. area. The roofs of the buildings inside are all terraces and only those buildings are insulated without weather surface as this has been moved to the exterior of the membrane. The first plan for the building which has an ecologic concept was made in 1993 and there is still time to do some developmental changes in the interior part of the building. No 13 TAO-SHINTO DOME FOR JAPAN- a Project The geodesic domes have been introduced into Japan and have been accepted as such by the architectonic authorities. However, it seems like there is a misunderstanding to build them exactly like those in the U.S.A. So CL has made some plans to include the dome-idea into the traditional building ideas of Japan. Due to the octagonal ground plans of the tradition, an octahedral system was chosen for the structure instead of the usual icosahedral system. The house grows towards the four main directions: north, south east west into precast concrete frames on the outside of the dome. No 14 CONFERENCE AND RECEPTION CENTER ON MT. ESJA- a Project A group of businessmen ,Vaettir, who are interested in the pre-Christian tradition of Iceland and Scandinavia have decided to build a conference center, restaurants and support facilities on Mt. Esja which is 20 kilometers to the north of Reykjavik at a 250 meter-altitude. CL has now been called to advise on the dome construction that covers this 30000 sq.ft. building. The architects, engineers and advisors in the old Nordic Sagas and Heathen History are the following: Petur Halfdan Jonsson, Olafur Sveinsson, Stefan Olafsson’s Engineering Consulting Firm (VSO), Ragnar Baldursson, Sigurjon Johannsson artist, Haukur Halldorsson artist. Three ministeries in Iceland : Industry ,Transport and Health have supported the premium stages of this project. At present, more inverstors are being sought for this project, that is, to open 17th of June in the year 2000. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TENSILE STRUCTURES : No 1 THE CITY OF REYKJAVIK´S ELEVENHUNDRED YEARS SETTLEMENT OF ICELAND FESTIVAL TENT In 1974 the Icelandic nation celebrated its elevenhundreth year on the island. In the city of Reykjavik the main festivities were in August and took place in the city center at Arnarholl. There, in cooperation with the office of the State Architect a new tent was designed to cover the stage for the official celebration program. The tent construction 10 by 25 meters was made in Seglagerdin Ægir. It was made of oldfashioned thick sailcloth that did OK but for the shadow it cast onto the stage to the inconvenience of the television crews. Gisli Kristjansson assisted from the city. No 2 THE TWOHUNDRETH BIRTHDAY OF THE CITY OF REYKJAVIK TENT On the 18th of August 1986 the city of Reykjavik celebrated it´s 200th anniversary. For the occasion a tent covering the interior garden of Kjarvalstadir,the main art exhibition hall in Reykjavik,was designed by CL. Again CL worked in cooperation with Seglagerdin Ægir. Inside the tent a major program was run for some weeks in connection with an arts exhibition. Later in the fall the now famous Gorbachev-Reagan meeting took place in Reykjavik and thus the tent was assigned a new use: For the press conferences in this connection. The size of the tent was 300 sqm. It was made of nylon and was not used again. Gisli Kristjansson assisted from the city. No 3 THE FIFTHY YEARS CELEBRATION OF THE DEMOCRACY IN ICEAND TENT The 17th of June 1994 the Icelandic nation celebrated it´s 50th anniversary as a free and independent state. For this occation a new tent was designed by CL in cooperation with the office of the State Architect. It covered 300 sqm of the main stage for the official program in Thingvellir, the site of one of the oldest parliaments on the planet since 930 AD. The tent was produced by Seglagerdin Aegir in Orfirisey but made of very undurable membrane as it was not planned to be used again. The celebration took place on a rainy day and so the tent saved the program as it was supposed to do. No 4 THE SERIAL DEMOCRACY TENT In 1994 Seglagerdin Aegir decided to develope a multipurpose tent of minimum 220 sqm for the Icelandic market. It was decided to use a hightech 850 gr/sqm fire resistant membrane with TREVIRA. This tent can therefore be used any time of the year for any kind of mass gatherings of people. The tent is hexagonal in shape at the bottom and can therefore be added on to form still larger covered spaces that are directly connected. Thus 7 tents are almost 1500 sqm in size. Because of a highly stable metal frames that form the walls of the tent it does not need any diagonal tension ropes for anchorage in the ground. This mass produced structure is very economical . And is priced for 100 US$/sqm. No 5 PASTA BASTA RESTAURANT IN REYKJAVIK In 1993 a 60 sqm tent was designed for a restaurant in Reykjavik. The covered area is surrounded by timber walls and has to fit an oddly shaped area in the oldest part of town. It was therefore difficult to get the neccessary tension into the membrane after it had been put in place. This is absoulutely neccessary for stablizing the tensile structure.It was therefore decided to lay the membrane on a round arch in the center and pull it to all the sides with smaller arches that are fastened to the timber walls on hinges. They can therefore be forced away from the center arch and by that pulling the memebrane along with it that has been connected to the smaller arches with “open-membrane tubes”. No 6 DANCEHALL FOR THE ROADCAFEE HRE‹AVATNSSKALINN In 1995 a building was added to a roadcafe that uses the summer season for “country-balls”. The new addition has glasswalls and tiled concrete floor. The roof is a tensile construction of 108 sqm that is supported by an exterior arch which can be tilted on its axis to one side thus opening up the tent. This is the first convertible membrane roof in Iceland. The membrane is fire resistant TREVIRA. Steinn Petursson assisted in the design. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONSTRUCTIONS LAB ´S WORK ON QUASI-CRYSTALS IS REPRESENTED HERE WITH ONE PIECE : 3-D GEOMETRY LEADING TO QUASICRYSTALS Since 1975 CL has worked with geometry and a new development pattern has been discovered that offers a new ordering of polyhedra that is based on formational mathematics but not the aesthetic principles as now. Once understood it leads to the formation of quite a number of new polyhedra that have previously been unknown. Furthermore, the new pattern points to a close connection between the three different symmetries of polyhedra: the Tetrahedral, Octahedral and Icosahedral Symmetries. In the working at CL is a new theory: The Natural Symmetries Unification Theory . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PART 3 CURRICULUM VITAE EINAR THORSTEINN Asgeirsson Born June 17th 1942 in Reykjavik Iceland Basic Education Completed 1962 includes 24 months as a bridgebuilder for the State Road Department in Iceland in the summers of 1958 to 1963. Academic Studies I Architecture at the Technical University of Hannover Germany 1963-1969. Main fields : Industrial Design with Professor Jansen and Prefabriccation with Professor Weber. Main project : Spherical Residential House complete with interiors and appliances. Titel: Diplom Ingenieur. Academic Studies II Lightweight structures with Professor Frei Otto at the Institute fuer leichte Flaechentragwerke of the University of Stuttgart and at Dr Otto´s privat studio : Atelier Warmbronn 1969 -1971. Main projects : A study of aluminium in lightweight structures. Details of the roof for the Stadium of the Olympic Games in Munich 1972. City in the Arctic,cowork of Frei Otto and Tange Kenzo : A roof 2000 meters in diameter suspended by airpressure. CONSTRUCTIONS LAB CL was founded on ETH´s return to Reykjavik in september 1973. This privatly financed research laboratory has done the following work on buildings : Lightweight structures for icelandic conditions. At CL has been laid a foundation to a new concept of the residential house not the least with ecological aspects in mind. But studies of three dimensional geometry concerning quasi -crystals and other fields of science have also been undertaken there. Further Influences As a result of a close professional relationship to BUCKMINSTER FULLER CL has studied the appliances of geodesic domes especially. One of the products of that is the DOMAS mass production building system. CL´s Projects in the First Years 1973-1977 Convertible Tent-Roof Unit Snowtunnel Fram over Mountain Roads Big Span Horticulture Unit Convertible Roof for Hay Storage First Generation Dome Multipurpose Cover for Agriculture Movable Hotel Unit Winter Cover for a Swimmingpool Big Span Lattice Dome Tower for the Wind Drying of Fish Concourse Tent Cover Rock Fall Protection on Mountain Roads Camping Tent Vertical Windmill Structure Riding Hall Avalance Protection Structure CL ´s buildings to date 1973-1976 The Additive DOME-CUBE Horticulture Unit 1974 The 1100 Years Festival Tent Structure with AEGIR 1976 Geodesic Dome for Wind Testing 1979 Transportable Tent Dome with Clip on Joints, 30 feet-ø 1979-1995 30 units of 15 feet diameter Geothermal Fiberglass Domes 1980-1984 Second Generation Timber Geodesics : 41;45;45;56 feet -ø 1984-1995 Third Generation Timber Geodesics : 15;22:30;40;61;76 feet 1986 City of Reykjavik 200 years Celebration Tent 1991 Danish Version of the 3rd Generation domes: 26;38 feet ø 1993 Pasta Basta Restaurnat Whole Year Tent 1993 Tent units over 900 sqm in Reykjavik´s Family Park,with Arkthing 1994 Market Tent Series ,36,60 and 220 sqm with AEGIR 1994 The 50th Anniversary of the Icelandic Democracy Tent in Thingvellir with AEGIR and the State Architect 1995 Snowtunnel Construction for the Icelandic Parliament with AEGIR 1995 First Convertible tent at Hredavatn , 108 sqm . With AEGIR Since 1987 a number of different sized 2 frequency domes have been built in Denmark,Germany,Iceland and USA with the assistance of a CL developed DOME-IT-YOURSELF knowhow kit. To date the largest dome of that kind is 52 feet in diameter. Since 1986 CL has tested environment-control domes : Residential domes that have up to 100 sqm of interior garden. The Isafjordome, Kopaskerdome and Helladome are part of that. The first two are less that 20 miles south of the Polar Circle. Space Geometry Since 1975 considerable time and effort has been spent at CL in the study of 3-D geometry and and structural geometry. This work has led to discoveries in the growth pattern of polyhedra both in tetrahedral and cube symmetries as well as icosihedral symmetries. Furthermore some results have been gained in the study of ratios of sizes and volumes of polyhedra They point to harmonics similiar to that of fractal geometry. A new ordering of polyhedra has similtanously resulted from that study: It is a tool to find innumerable regular polyhedra,not of aesthetical but formational nature. More recently the golden ratio numbers and related ones have been studied at CL. This icosihedral symmetry ratio is interesting because of its quasi- crystal growth implications. The study was supported by the late Dr. Linus Pauling in 1988. Media Between 1970 and 1995-Over 180 articles on architecture,city planning,environmental design,biological influences in housing (SBS and HSE),ecological building technology and various scienctific fields have been published as result of CL research. Another 120 press reviews on CL´s work exist in the CL-files. In 1977 NATURES FORMS (BARNALEIKUR) a do-it-yourself book on polyhedral geometry with an introduction by the late Dr R. Buckminster Fuller was published by Bókami›stödin. Colored sheets to build polyhedral models are enclosed with the book. Finally a 30 minutes TV documentary on the works of ETH was shown by the Icelandic State Television in February 1995. Producer: Ragnar Halldorsson Series of booklets in CL´s own publication are the following : Mathematica Reykjavicensis: The Development Pattern of Geometric Structures (1978). CASAH Report I : A Proposal for a Preventive Catastrophe Housing Unit : Under the Auspices of DAAD in Bonn (1981). Triangular Faces Geodesic Frequency : The Optimal Number of Frequencies in Three Geodesic Systems (1981). Samples of Icelandic Domes 1973-1983 (1983). The EDC -Report : Over 20 Years of Domebuilding 1972-1995 : With 200 projects and buildings (1992 and 1995). The KGB-Manual : The Kingdomes Geodesic Building Manual 1996 : How to build your own 3 FQ FLATBOTTOMED dome. CL has Received Grants from The Icelandic Ministry of Industry in 1973 The Icelandic Building Research Institute in 1974 The Icelandic Science Foundation in 1975 and 1988 The Icelandic Development Foundation in 1976 and 1977 Deutsche Academische Austauschdienst in 1980 and 1981 The Scandinavian Ministry Fund in Copenhagen in 1988 and 1989 Some of CL´s Unrealized Pet Projects 1982-- Low Cost Geodesic Joint 1982-- Tensergity Greenhouse Dome 1984-- Universal Geoframe System 1985-- 3rd World Operation Room 1985-- 3C Joint System 1986-- Large Size Radome Erection System 1987-- Judge Driscoll´s Geodesic Sphere Residence In Houston 1987-- Umbrelladome for a Schrimp Farm inTexas 1988-- Gardendome in Akureyri 1988-- Gandalfdome in Bornholm 1990-- Jofur- Ensphere Dome in Kopavogur 1990-- ECO-URBAN Ecological Urbanity 1993-- Eco-Space Dome for Existing Homes 1994-- A Tao-Shinto Dome for Asiatic Conditions CL International Contacts Institute for Lightweight Structures in Stuttgart Germany. The Buckminster Fuller Institute in Los Angeles Ligthweigth Structure Research Unit in Sidney Australia Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture in Houston Texas. The Royal Academy in Copenhagen, Structure Dept. and others Micellaneous 1970 Honorable Mention in the Shinkenchiku Competition 1973 Cowork started with a sailmakers firm : Seglagerdin AEGIR 1974-78 Member of the Environmental Comittee of the City of Reykjavik 1977-82 Design and production of the MBC-Magic Ball Chain- a paperboard toy 1977 Ideal Citizent Award of the TM Organisation 1978-80 Work in backgrounds for the Icelandic State Television 1980-81 Six months study at IL in Stuttgart sponsored by DAAD 1984-85 Design work exhibited with FORM-ISLAND in Helsinki,Lappeenrata, Turku,Jyveskylae,Aarhus,Boras,Oslo,Throndheim,Thorshavn, Copenhagen and Reykjavik. 1987 Founded KINGDOMES Corespondence School in Houston Texas. Courses in how to do Geodesic Domes. 1988 Participant and initiator of a WORLD-NET program with Fridrik Brekkan on outer space architecture. Other participants : Prof. Bell and Prof. Trotti of Houston and Prof. Furrer, Prof.Koelle and Prof. Duelen of Berlin. 1988-92 A study of Translations Shells, a CAD-CAM approach into shells of different kinds. With Ole Vanggaard and Timme Hansen of the Royal Academy of the Arts in Copenhagen and Dr. Techn. Peter Boberg of Landskrona Sweden. 1988-93 Ecologic Village in Torup,Denmark being built. 30 homes now in use. In 1994 The Commune of Hundested received the european SOLAR- Price for the accepting of the planning of this first eco-village in Denmark. 1989 Founded the EDC-The European Dome Center , for the collection and distribution of dome information. Invited to lecture at the University of Stuttgart on the future of the IL after the retirement of Dr. Frei Otto. 1990 Participant of the Laves-Workshop in Hannover with 35 architects and artists in preparation for the EXPO 2000. Major interview with Dome Magazine in Denver Colorado. 1992-95 Practical courses in dome building Mosfellsbaer, Iceland and Torup 1992 CL moved into a new studio at Old Alafoss Art Center. 1993 Lectur on holistic housebuilding at the 9th International Congress on Circumpolar Health in Reykjavik. Interview on the Canadian Broacasting Corporation. Regular Column in the largets newspaper in Iceland: Morgunbladid. 1994 Ecological Planning of a Suburb in Potsdam with Henrik Suhr and Troels Lergaard of Copenhagen: An international „Gutachten“. 1995 First ecological planning ratified in Iceland for the Village of the Snaefellsas Group at Hellnum. Advisor on the dome construction of the Nordic History Confernece and Reception Center planned for the year 2000 at Mount Esja. Speaker at the ISIS-Symmetry conference in Washington DC. Founded: Mindpower,a multiple contact Think-Tank for future solutions. 1996 A manuscript of a new book : INSIGHT into Human Existence - is now beeing presented by E.Th. June 17th 1996 Einar Thorsteinn P.O.Box 1464-IS 121 Reykjavik Iceland Tel & Fax : int + 3545 668333 Fax : 3545 112211 email : kingdome@mmedia.is ; Website: http://www.mmedia.is/kingdome/